(ISSN: 2564-212X; CODEN: JPGOC8; DOI: 10.33002/jpg) is an international, scientific double blind peer-reviewed open access journal published 2 times a year online by The Grassroots Institute.
Open Access—free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: Indexed in HEIN. Indexing is proposed in the WoS, Scopus and other databases.
Time for Processing: Primary acceptance to the submitted article is given in 1 week time. After consent of author(s), manuscript is peer-reviewed, and a first decision provided to authors in 2-4 weeks after submission.
Recognition of Reviewers: The reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in the journal, in appreciation of the work done. Reviewers also receive Certificate for their voluntary service.
Journal of Policy & Governance is comprehensively covering the subjects of policy and governance in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach. By bridging both academic and professional domains, the journal provides professionals, practitioners, researchers, students, and policymakers, and any other persons with information on developments in the field of policy and/or governance.
Metolo Foyet1, Maxi Pia Louis2
1Department of Geography, Focus Area: Catastrophes, Conservation, and Conflict, LifeThroughWildlife Lab, University of Florida, Turlington Hall, 3141, 330 Newell Dr, Gainesville FL 32611, USA.
Email: m.foyet@ufl.edu | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8054-2281
2Namibian Association of CBNRM Support Organizations (NACSO), 19 Lossen Street, Ausspannplatz, Windhoek, Namibia.
Email: maxi@nacso.org.na | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-2411
Journal of Policy & Governance, 03(02) (December 2023), 17-58. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg030202
Received: 20 October 2023
Published: 31 December 2023
Reviewed: 11 November 2023
Accepted: 15 December 2023
No. of Abstract Views:
No. of Paper Downloads:
Effective communication and digital literacy are crucial for addressing misunderstandings about the Southern African approach to sustainable use in Western settings. This paper highlights the need to enhance conservation communication and explores the role of digital communication in bridging the gap between the Southern African approach and Western conservation paradigms. The Southern African emphasis on community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) and sustainable wildlife use for both conservation and economic purposes often faces misinterpretation and scepticism in Western societies that prioritize preservation and non-consumptive use. By analysing literature, case studies, and communication strategies, this study identifies the challenges stemming from cultural biases, differing conservation ideologies, and limited understanding of the Southern African context. It investigates the significance of digital literacy in overcoming these challenges by promoting the development of technology skills among conservation practitioners and members of communities coexisting with wildlife, equipping them with relevant digital tools, promoting information sharing, fostering cross-cultural dialogue, and engaging diverse stakeholders through digital platforms. The paper stresses the significance of utilizing diverse communication channels (including social media, online forums, websites, campaigns, multimedia tools, and educational resources) to share accurate and culturally sensitive information about the Southern African approach. It highlights the necessity for tailored communication strategies that consider the distinct needs and values of various audiences, incorporating digital approaches involving active listening, dialogue, and the integration of local knowledge. This study promotes the development of inclusive and accessible spaces through improved digital literacy and effective communication strategies. It advocates for mutual understanding and collaboration between Western and Southern African conservation practitioners, stakeholders, and decision-makers. By leveraging digital platforms and enhancing communication competencies, the Southern African approach can be better comprehended within Western settings, fostering sustainable conservation practices and nurturing collaborative partnerships in conservation initiatives.
Keywords: Conservation communication; Digital literacy; Sustainable use; Conservation
Adams, W. M., & Hulme, D. (1998). Conservation and communities: Changing narratives, policies,
African Parks (2018). Retrieved from
African Parks (n.d.). Strategic Partners. Retrieved from
https://www.africanparks.org/strategic-partners (accessed 10 November 2023).
Agrawal, A., Smith, R. C., & Li, T. (1997, March). Community in Conservation: Beyond Enchantment
and Disenchantment. Conservation & Development Forum. Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Al-Shawaf, L., Zreik, K., & Buss, D. M. (2021). Thirteen misunderstandings about natural selection.
Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 8162-8174. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_2158-1.
Apple Podcast (2022). Retrieved from
Arts, K., Van der Wal, R., & Adams, W. M. (2015). Digital technology and the conservation of nature.
Ambio, 44, 661-673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-015-0705-1.
Aru Game Lodges (2016). We are more than just hunters. Retrieved from Aru Game Lodges:
https://arugamelodges.com/more-than-hunters/ (accessed 10 November 2023).
Ashley, C., Roe, D., & Goodwin, H. (2001). Pro-Poor Tourism: Putting Poverty Alleviation at the
Heart of Wildlife Tourism in Southern Africa. Natural Resources Forum, 25(2), 103-110. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/42764897 (accessed 1 January 2024).
AWF (n.d.). Community Empowerment. Retrieved from https://www.awf.org/community (accessed 10
November 2023).
AWF (n.d.). Sustainable Tourism. Retrieved from
AWF (n.d.). What Are African Bush Elephants. Retrieved from
Ballard, C. (1981). The Role of Trade and Hunter-Traders in the Political Economy of Natal and
Zululand, 1824-1880. Afr. Econ. Hist, 10, 3-21. https://doi.org/10.2307/3601292.
Beinart, W. (1990). Empire, hunting and ecological change in southern and central Africa. Past
Present, 128, 162-186. https://doi.org/10.1093/past/128.1.162.
Beng, K. C., & Corlett, R. T. (2020). Applications of environmental DNA (eDNA) in ecology and
conservation: opportunities, challenges and prospects. Biodiversity and Conservation, 29, 2089-2121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-01980-0.
Betoko, I. W., & Carvalho, S. (2020). To protect nature, bring down the walls of fortress conservation.
Retrieved from Greenpeace: https://www.greenpeace.org/international/story/45497/Indigenous-people-biodiversity-fortress-conservation-power-shift/ (accessed 10 November 2023).
Bond, I., Child, B., de la Harpe, D., Jones, B., Barnes, J., & Anderson, H. (2004). Private land
contribution to conservation in South Africa. Earthscan Publications: London, UK, pp.29-61. Retrieve from http://ndl.ethernet.edu.et/bitstream/123456789/47668/1/95.pdf#page=43 (accessed 1 January 2024).
Bondi, E. (2018). AI for Conservation: Aerial Monitoring to Learn and Plan against Illegal Actors. In
IJCAI (pp. 5763-5764) Retrieved from https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2018/0825.pdf (accessed 01 January 2024).
Borrini, G., & Jaireth, H. (2007). Sharing power: learning-by-doing in co-management of natural
Boudreaux, K. (2007). Community-based natural resource management and poverty alleviation in
Namibia: A case study. Mercatus Policy Series, Policy Comment 10. Retrieved from https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1336643 (accessed 01 January 2024).
Boule, K. L. (2016). Stakeholder perspectives on sport hunting, conservation, and ecosystem
sustainability in British Columbia, Canada. Retrieved from Master's Thesis: https://www.tru.ca/__shared/assets/Kelsey_Boule_thesis44082.pdf (accessed 10 November 2023).
Brink, H., Smith, R. J., Skinner, K., & Leader-Williams, N. (2016). Sustainability and Long Term-
Tenure: Lion Trophy Hunting in Tanzania. PLoS One, 11(9), e0162610. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0162610.
Brundtland, G., Khalid, M., Agnelli, S., Al-Athel, S., Chidzero, B., Fadika, L., Mauff, V., Lang, I.,
Buscher , B., & Fletcher, R. (2020). The Conservation Revolution: Radical Ideas for Saving Nature
Beyond the Anthropocene. Verso.
Castillo-Huitrón, N., Naranjo, E., Santos-Fita, D., & Estrada-Lugo, E. (2020). The importance of
CCF (n.d.). Why are we #UnitingForCheetahs? Retrieved from https://cheetah.org/uk/campaigns/
(accessed 10 November 2023).
Chalmers, C., Fergus, P., Wich, S., & Montanez, A. (2019). Conservation AI: Live stream analysis for
Child, B. (1996). Zimbabwe's Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources
Child, B. (2000). Making wildlife pay: converting wildlife’s comparative advantage into real
incentives for having wildlife in African savannas, case studies from Zimbabwe and Zambia. In Wildlife Conservationn By Sustainable Use. Springer, London. Retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-4012-6_17 (accessed 30 November 2023).
Child, B. (2012). The sustainable use approach could save South Africa's rhinos. South African
Journal of Science, 108(7), 1-4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajs.v108i7/8.1338.
Child, B., & Barnes, G. (2010). The conceptual evolution and practice of community-based natural
Child, B., Musengezi, J., Parent , G., & Child, G. (2012). The economics and institutional economics
CITES/Department of Wildlife and National Parks of Botswana (2022). Botswana Elephant
Managment Plant and Action: 2021-2026. Retrieved from https://cites.org/sites/default/files/documents/E-CoP19-Inf-102.pdf (accessed 10 November 2023).
CLN (2022). Open letter: Stop the hypocrisy – a call for the genuine inclusion of African communities
Colchester, M. (2003). Salvaging Nature: Indigenous Peoples, Protected Areas and Biodiversity
Conservation International (2023). Conservation International and Peace Parks Foundation Commit
Conservation Namibia (n.d). Conservation Hunting in Namibia - Socio-economic benefits. Retrieved
from Conservation Namibia: https://conservationnamibia.com/factsheets/conservation-hunting.php (accessed 10 November 2023).
Corradini, A., Marescotti, M. E., Demartini, E., & Gaviglio, A. (2022). Consumers' perceptions and
attitudes toward hunted wild game meat in the modern world: A literature review. Meat Science, 108955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108955.
Daniels, R. (2022). Save the African Penguin. Retrieved from
Dickman, A. J., Macdonald, E. A., & Macdonald, D. W. (2011). A review of A review of financial
Dickman, A., Child, B., Hart, A., & Semcer, C. (2021). Misinformation about trophy hunting is
Dilys, R., Nelson, F., & Sandbrook, C. (2009). Community management of natural resources in
Africa: Impacts, experiences and future directions. No. 18, IIED Working Paper, International Institute of Environment and Development, London.
Dragon Trail (2019). African Wildlife Foundation Raises Awareness in China for Animal
Engle, J. (2021). Are Zoos Immoral? Retrieved from New York Times:
Fabricius, C. (2004). The fundamentals of community-based natural resource management. In C.
Fabricius & E. Koch (eds.), Rights, resources and rural development: Community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa, 3-43 (pp. 3-43). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229076641_Rights_resources_and_rural_development_community-based_natural_resource_management_in_Southern_Africa (accessed 30 November).
Fabricius, C., Koch, E., Turner, S., & Magome, H. (2013). Rights resources and rural development:
Community-based natural resource management in Southern Africa. Routledge, London. Retrieved from https://portals.iucn.org/library/node/28580 (accessed 30 November 2023)
Forssman, T., Page, B., & Selier, J. (2014). How important was the presence of elephants as a
Global Forest Watch (2023). Forest Watcher Updates Improve Managing Teams and Reporting on
Data From the Field. Retrieved from https://www.globalforestwatch.org/blog/people/forest-watcher-mobile-app-updates/ (accessed 10 November 2023).
Government of the Republic of Namibia (2004). Namibia Vision 2030. Windhoek: Office of the
President. Retrieved from https://www.npc.gov.na/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/vision_2030.pdf (accessed 30 November 2023).
Gupta, B., & Chakraborty, B. (2005). The role of zoos in the rehabilitation of animals in the circus.
Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 8(4), 285-294. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327604jaws0804_5.
He, J., & Zhou, W. (2022). Conservation versus development: Uncovering divergent viewpoints of
He, T. (2020). Image Monitoring and Artificial Intelligence Recognition Technology for Rare Animal
Hewitson, L. J., & Sullivan, S. (2021). Producing elephant commodities for'conservation hunting'in
Hoyt, J. (1994). Animals in peril: How "sustainable use" is wiping out the world's wildlife. Penguin,
New York.
Hulme, D., & Murphree, M. (1999). Communities, wildlife and the ‘new conservation’in Africa.
iNaturalist. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.inaturalist.org/ (accessed 10 November 2023).
Internatinal Rhino Foundation (n.d.). Retrieved from https://rhinos.org/blog/1221-2/ (accessed 10
IRDNC (n.d). Conservancy-Based Community Development Programme. Retrieved from Integrated
IUCN (2016). Informing decisions on trophy hunting: A Briefing Paper for European Union Decision-
makers regarding potential plans for restriction of imports of hunting trophies. World conservation Union, Gland, Switzerland. Retrieved from https://cites.org/sites/default/files/eng/cop/17/InfDocs/E-CoP17-Inf-60.pdf (accessed 1 January 2024).
Kidd, L.R., Garrard, G.E., Bekessy, S.A., Mills, M., Camilleri, A.R., Fidler, F., Fielding, K.S., Gordon,
Kiley-Worthington, M. (1990). Animals in circuses and zoos: Chiron's world. Little Eco-Farms
Kiss, A. (2004). Is Community-Based Ecotourism a Good Use of Biodiversity Conservation Funds? .
Krishnan, S. R., Nallakaruppan, M. K., Chengoden, R., Koppu, S., Iyapparaja, M., Sadhasivam, J., &
Sethuraman, S. (2022). Smart water resource management using Artificial Intelligence - A review. Sustainability, 14(20), 13384. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142013384.
Kuruppu, S. (2023). AI System to Protect Endangered Animgal Population and Prevent Poaching
Laybourne, A. (2022). Why Animals Should not be Kept in Zoos? Retrieved from
https://worldanimalfoundation.org/advocate/how-to-help-animals/params/post/1280916/whats-wrong-with-zoos (accessed 16 December 2023)
Leal Filho, W., Wall, T., Mucova, S.A.R., Nagy, G.J., Balogun, A.L., Luetz, J.M., Ng, A.W., Kovaleva,
Lee, C., & Bharati, P. (2021). Employing Machine Learning for Climate Change Resilience Decision
Lee, H. W., Salemi, M. K., & Siegfried, J. J. (2002). Use it or lose it: Teaching literacy in the
Lets Nurture (2023). Interactive Nature Exploration: Using AR & VR to Connect Visitors with
Lindsey, P. A., Alexander, R. R., Frank, L. G., Mathieson, A., & Romanach, S. S. (2006). Potential of
Lindsey, P., Roulet, P. A., & Romanach, S. S. (2007). Lindsey, Peter A., P. A. Roulet, and S. S.
Lindsey, P.A., Balme, G., Becker, M., Begg, C., Bento, C., Bocchino, C., Dickman, A., Diggle, R.W.,
Lion Recovery Fund (2018). Lion Recovery Fund Introduces Its Mewest Grantees. Retrieved from
Luoma, C. (n.d). Fortress Conservation: The impact on Indigenous peoples today. Retrieved from
MEFT (2022). National Strategy on the Sustainable Management of Bush Resources: 2022-2027.
Windhoek: Namibia's Ministry of Environment, Forestry and Tourism.
Mengak, L., Dayer, A.A. & Stern, M.J., (2019). The role of social norms in conservation outreach.
Mohamed-Katerere, J. (2001). Participatory natural resource management in the communal lands of
NACSO (2015). The state of community conservation in Namibia: a review of communal
NACSO (2018). Communal Conservancies in Namibia: A Success Story of Community Empowerment
Nisbet, E. K., & Zelenski, J. M. (2013). The NR-6: A new brief measure of nature relatedness.
Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 813. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00813.
NNF (2021). Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Namibia. Retrieved from Namibia
Painted Dogs (2022). In Partnership with the Community. Retrieved from
https://www.painteddog.org/our-blog/in-partnership-with-the-community (accessed 10 November 2023).
Peace Parks Foundation (n.d.). Publications. Retrieved from
https://www.peaceparks.org/about/publications/ (accessed 10 November 2023).
Pearce, F. (2010, January 19). Why Africa’s National Parks Are Failing to Save Wildlife. Retrieved
from Yale Environment, 360. Retrieved from https://e360.yale.edu/features/why_africas_national_parks_are_failing_to_save_wildlife (accessed 19 January 2023).
Pemunta, V. N. (2019). Fortress conservation, wildlife legislation and the Baka Pygmies of southeast
Peta (n.d.). Animals in Zoos: Condemned to a Life Behind Bars. Retrieved from
Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion. New York:
Pinterest (n.d.). AWF, WildAid Launch Strategic Partnership to Raise Public Awareness about Rhino
RA (2020). Letter To The Times From The Community Leaders Network. Retrieved from Resource
Reckling, W., Mitasova, H., Wegmann, K., Kauffman, G. and Reid, R., (2021). Efficient drone-based
Reder, L. M., & Ritter, F. E. (1992). What determines initial feeling of knowing? Familiarity with
Rhino Friends of America (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/groups/178653905605030/
(accessed 10 December 2023).
Richardson, K. (2017). Are trophy hunters psychopaths? Retrieved from Lion Whisperer SA:
SAAMBR (n.d.). Penguin Promises. Retrieved from The South African Association for Marine
Biological Research: https://t.ly/nJC0o (accessed 10 December 2023).
Save the Elephant (1969). Project to address human wildlife conflict starts (Botswana). Retrieved
Save The Rhino (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.savetherhino.org/ (accessed 10 December 2023).
Schultz, P. W. (2002). Inclusion with nature: The psychology of human-nature relations. In
Psychology of sustainable development (pp. 61-78). Boston, MA: Springer US.
Semcer, C. (2019). The Role of Hunting in Conserving African Wildlife. Retrieved from PERC:
Shaffer, L.J., Khadka, K.K., Van Den Hoek, J., & Naithani, K.J., (2019). Human-elephant conflict: A
Shivaprakash, K.N., Swami, N., Mysorekar, S., Arora, R., Gangadharan, A., Vohra, K.,
Smith, R.J., Salazar, G., Starinchak, J., Thomas-Walters, L.& Veríssimo, D. (2020). Social marketing
Snorek, J., & Bolger, D. (2022). Can the center hold? Boundary actors and marginality in a
community-based natural resource management network. Ecology and Society, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13512-270341.
Song, Z., Wang, Q., Miao, Z., Conrad, K., Zhang, W., Zhou, X., & MacMillan, D.C. (2021). Impact of
Information on Attitudes toward Sustainable Wildlife Utilization and Management: A Survey of the Chinese Public. Animals, 11(9), 2640. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11092640.
Southworth, J., Migliaccio, K., Glover, J., Reed, D., McCarty, C., Brendemuhl, J. and Thomas, A.
Spotify (2021). Retrieved from https://open.spotify.com/show/5NOpdXKl4HTh93y7hfHfZ4 (accessed
SRT (n.d). Retrieved from Save the Rhino Trust Namibia - Conservation. Retrieved from
https://www.savetherhinotrust.org/conservation/ (accessed 10 December 2023).
Tamrakar, A.K., Kirange, S.D., Lakshmi, N.P., & Yadav, R.K. (2023). Natural Language Processing
The Bateleurs (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.facebook.com/thebateleurs/ (accessed 10 December
2023).
Thomson, G. (2013). Trophy hunting in the context of community conservation. Retrieved from Africa
Traffic (2021). New mobile reporting app is helping combat corruption and wildlife trafficking in the
Two Oceans Aquarium (2023). #NOOW Not On Our Watch: A campaign to save the African penguin.
Retrieved from https://www.aquarium.co.za/news/notonourwatch-a-campaign-to-save-the-african-penguin (accessed 10 December 2023).
UNEP (2019). Striking a balance between conservation and development. Retrieved from
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/striking-balance-between-conservation-and-development (accessed 10 December 2023).
University of Florida (2023). How UF Developed a Model for AI across the Curriculum. Retrieved
from University of Florida: https://news.ufl.edu/2023/01/ai-university/ (accessed 10 December 2023).
USAID (2021). Retrieved from https://www.usaidrdw.org/campaigns/i-am-ivoryfree (accessed 10
December 2023).
USA-NPN (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.usanpn.org/natures_notebook (accessed 10 December
Van Overwalle, F., & Siebler, F. (2005). A connectionist model of attitude formation and change.
Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3, 231-274. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0903_3.
Wachala, K. J., & Cupp, J. (2022, April 21). 3 Human-Wildlife Conflict Myths: A New Approach for
Human-Wildlife Harmony. Retrieved from Research Triangle Institute: https://www.rti.org/insights/wildlife-conservation-and-human-wildlife-conflict (accessed 10 December 2023).
Western, D., Wright, M. R., & Strum, S. C. (1994). The background to community-based
White, K., Habib, R., & Hardisty, D.J. (2019). How to SHIFT consumer behaviors to be more
Whitman, K., Starfield, A.M., Quadling, H.S. and Packer, C. (2004). Sustainable trophy hunting of
Wild Trust (2022). Retrieved from https://t.ly/KAb18 (accessed 10 December 2023).
Wild Trust (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wildtrust.co.za/news/ (accessed 10 December 2023).
WildAid (n.d.). Retrieved from https://wildaid.org/ivory-free/ (accessed 10 December 2023).
Wildark (2023). Top Five Ways to Get Your Nature Fix Online During the Pandemic. Retrieved from
Wildavsky, A., & Dake, K. (2018). Theories of risk perception: Who fears what and why? In The
WildlifeAct (n.d.). Monitoring and Tracking Technology. Retrieved from
Wilson, C. (2022). Public engagement and AI: A values analysis of national strategies. Government
Wright, A.J., Veríssimo, D., Pilfold, K., Parsons, E.C.M., Ventre, K., Cousins, J., Jefferson, R.,
Wu, Z.Y., Ismail, M., Serpedin, E., & Wang, J. (2021). Artificial intelligence for smart resource
WWF (n.d.). Retrieved from http://rhino.panda.org/ (accessed 10 December 2023).
Xu, L., Rolf, E., Beery, S., Bennett, J.R., Berger-Wolf, T., Birch, T., Bondi-Kelly, E., Brashares, J.,
Zhang, J., & Li, S. (2017). A review of machine learning based Species' distribution modelling.
ZoosAfrica (n.d.). African Penguin. Retrieved from
Foyet, M., & Louis, M. P. (2023). Enhancing Conservation Communication: Using Digital Literacy to Address the Misunderstanding of Southern Africa’s Sustainable Use Approach in Western Settings. Journal of Policy & Governance, 03(02), 17-58. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg030202
Foyet, M. and Louis, M. P. (2023). Enhancing Conservation Communication: Using Digital Literacy to Address the Misunderstanding of Southern Africa’s Sustainable Use Approach in Western Settings. Journal of Policy & Governance, 03(02): 17-58. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg030202
Foyet M., Louis M. P. Enhancing Conservation Communication: Using Digital Literacy to Address the Misunderstanding of Southern Africa’s Sustainable Use Approach in Western Settings. Journal of Policy & Governance, 2023, 03 (02), 17-58. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg030202
Foyet, Metolo, Louis, Maxi Pia. 2023. “Enhancing Conservation Communication: Using Digital Literacy to Address the Misunderstanding of Southern Africa’s Sustainable Use Approach in Western Settings”. Journal of Policy & Governance, 03 no. 02: 17-58. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg030202
Foyet, Metolo and Maxi Pia Louis. 2023. “Enhancing Conservation Communication: Using Digital Literacy to Address the Misunderstanding of Southern Africa’s Sustainable Use Approach in Western Settings”. Journal of Policy & Governance, 03 (02): 17-58. https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg030202
| Crossref: | https://doi.org/10.33002/jpg030202 |
| Scilit: | https://www.scilit.net/publications/c9e45059e7137e88af6f1be62dc946a2 |
| SSRN: | |
| Academia.edu: | https://rb.gy/p3p6qs |
| ZENODO: | https://zenodo.org/records/12748892 |
| OpenAIRE: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?pid=10.33002%2Fjpg030202 |
| Scribd: | https://www.scribd.com/document/750870001/jpg030202-foyet-louis-m00368 |
| Publons: | |
| EuroPub: | https://europub.co.uk/articles/740495 |
| DRJI: | |
| Cite Factor: | https://rb.gy/akff5i |
| Dimensions: | https://shorturl.at/juDKE |
| ScienceGate: | |
| J-Gate: | |
| Research Gate: | https://rb.gy/y7vi1e |
| Google Scholar: | |
| Harvard Dataverse: | https://dataverse.harvard.edu/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.7910/DVN/0IKFGR |
| Internet Archive: | https://archive.org/details/jpg030202-foyet-louis-m00368 |
| WorldCat: | https://search.worldcat.org/de/title/10122958310 |
© 2023 by the author(s). Licensee Journal of Policy & Governance. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). We allow to freely share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) with a legal code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.

Journal of Policy & Governance by The Grassroots Institute is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License based on a work at www.grassrootsjournals.org.
In Partnership with
* Prof. Dr. Ivanyshyn Volodymyr (Ukraine)
* Mr. Tony Sevelka (Canada)
Executive Chief Editor
Dr. Hasrat Arjjumend President & CEO
The Grassroots Institute, Canada
Deputy Editor-in-Chief
Prof. Dr. Larysa Klymanska, Professor
Department of Sociology and Social Work
Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Associate Editor
Dr. Mohanasundari Thangavel
Assistant Professor (Economics)
School of Humanities and Social Sciences
Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India
Dr. Ansari P. A.
Post Doctoral Researcher
Centre for West Asian Studies
Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), India
Ms. Nusrat Yaqoob
PhD Fellow
Department of Economics
University of Karachi
& Member, UNESC0-Water (Scientific Committee)
& Global Climate Ambassador, GYCN-WBG MTE Cohort 2022
* Prof. Dr. George Mavrotas (Belgium)
* Dr. Sigrid Pauwels (Belgium)
* Prof. Dr. H. Hassan-Yari (Oman)
* Dr. Noor Sulastry Y.A. (Oman)
* Prof. Dr. Honor G. Fagan (Ireland)
* Dr. Romeo B.Pacudan (Brunei Darussalam)
* Prof. Dr. habil. Corina M. Radulescu (Romania)
* Dr. Margarita Cheshmedzhieva (Bulgaria)
* Dr. Kamelia Assenova (Bulgaria)
* Dr. Virgil Nicula (Romania)
* Dr. Vesna Mrdalj (Bosnia & Herzegovina)
* Prof. Dr. Shulga Ievgenii Viktorovich (Ukraine)
* Dr. Olena Khrushch (Ukraine)
* Dr. Lesya Ilchenko-Syuyva (Ukraine)
* Dr. Iryna Golyash (Ukraine)
* Dr. Sam Noshadha (Ukraine)
* Dr. Alla Pecheniuk (Ukraine)
* Dr. Rinata Kazak (Ukraine)
* Dr. Orobets K. Mykolaiovych (Ukraine)
* Stephen J. Ternyik (Germany)
* Prof. Dr. Scott Valentine (Japan)
* Dr. Ornanong Benbourenane (UAE)
* Dr. Bashir AbulQaraya (UAE)
* Dr. Amany A. El Anshasy (UAE)
* Dr. Mehrdad Mozayyan (UAE)
* Dr. Sasidaran Gopalan (UAE)
* Dr. Sumaia A. Al Kohlani (UAE)
* Dr. Amani Abdullatif Omer (UAE)
* Dr. Riham Khafagy (UAE)
* Dr. Sabiha Alam (India)
* Dr. Jatswan Singh (Malaysia)
* Prof. Dr. Shakila Yacob (Malaysia)
* Dr. Raja Noriza R. Ariffin (Malaysia)
* Dr. Md. Nazmus Sadekin (Bangladesh)
* Dr. Evelie P. Serrano (Philippines)
* Prof. Dr. Judith D. Serrano (Mexico)
Go to Top



