Journal of Environmental Law and Policy

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Journal of Environmental Law and Policy is an international, interdisciplinary journal that facilitates an understanding of environmental governance, policy and law issues not only by drawing upon and contributing to the environmental social sciences, but also linking the ecosystem health, natural resources, and social sciences. The aim of the journal is to promote communication among academia, government, business and industry, civil society groups, citizens’ action groups, and non-governmental organizations who are instrumental in the solving of environmental problems and grassroots level issues.

VOLUME 04 ISSUE 02 (AUGUST 2024)

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M – 00431Analytical Article

Climate Change and Vaccination Strategies: Analyzing Global Immunization Challenges

Ledi Necaj*

Faculty of Technical Medical Sciences, Tirana Medical University, Tirana, Albania

Email: ledinecaj@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3190-0015

Altin Goxharaj

Department of Nursing, Eqrem Cabej University, Gjirokastra, Albania

Email: altingoxharaj4@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1595-4338

Aigul Matkeeva

Department of Neurology, National Center of Maternity and Childhood Care, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic.

Email: aigulmatkeeva617@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3857-3683

Evgeni Nikolaev

Clinic of General Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Varna, Bulgaria

Email: en903088@gmail.com| ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7703-0732

Ilona Hartmane

Department of Dermatovenerology, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia

Email: ilonahartmane30@gmail.com| ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-9694

*Corresponding author

(2024) 04 (02) Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 180-210 https://doi.org/10.33002/jelp040207

Received: 16 July 2024

Accepted: 28 August 2024

Reviewed: 20 August 2024

Published: 30 August 2024

Revised: 26 August 2024

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ABSTRACT

The purpose of the study was to analyse the quality of vaccination among the population and to evaluate strategies that contribute to reducing the prevalence of infectious diseases, the number of complications, and the severity of disease. The study also examined pathogens that pose a global threat to the population, which have high risks of outbreaks due to global changes in climatic conditions. The development of vaccines capable of preventing or eliminating an infectious disease, reducing the severity of the disease and the rate of hospitalisation has been studied. In addition, the issue of the causes of low vaccination coverage in Kyrgyzstan, Albania, Bulgaria, and Latvia has been investigated. It was found that diseases that have a geographical distribution in certain climatic zones have a risk of zone expansion due to global climate warming and changes in the habitat of the pathogen or its vectors to other regions. Global health systems are constantly working to create new vaccines and modernise old ones. Despite this, there are many reasons why vaccination coverage is not reaching the target values. These reasons include the availability of vaccines to the public, the level of knowledge of medical personnel and the trust of doctors in vaccination, the level of education of the population and the availability of information about the vaccine, commitment to vaccination in patients, and trust in international medical health systems. This means that low vaccination coverage can lead to a decrease in collective immunity, the occurrence of outbreaks of infectious diseases, and an increase in the burden on the health care system. Therefore, the main strategy for immunisation of the population is to eliminate the causes of low vaccination coverage, take measures to inform the population about vaccines, and increase people’s confidence in health systems.

Keywords: Contagious diseases; Zoonotic diseases; Epidemic; Pandemic; Infection prevention

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HOW TO CITE THIS PAPER?
OSCOLA Style

Ledi Necaj, Altin Goxharaj, Aigul Matkeeva, Evgeni Nikolaev, and Ilona Hartmane, ‘Climate Change and Vaccination Strategies: Analyzing Global Immunization Challenges’ (2024) 04 (02) Journal of Environmental Law & Policy 180-210, https://doi.org/10.33002/jelp040207

Harvard Style

Necaj, L., Goxharaj, A., Matkeeva, A., Nikolaev, E. and Hartmane, I. (2024). Climate Change and Vaccination Strategies: Analyzing Global Immunization Challenges. Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 04(02): 180-210. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/jelp040207

APA Style

Necaj, L., Goxharaj, A., Matkeeva, A., Nikolaev, E., & Hartmane, I. (2024). Climate Change and Vaccination Strategies: Analyzing Global Immunization Challenges. Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 04(02), 180-210. https://doi.org/10.33002/jelp040207

ACS Style

Necaj L., Goxharaj A., Matkeeva A., Nikolaev E., Hartmane I. Climate Change and Vaccination Strategies: Analyzing Global Immunization Challenges. Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 2024, 04 (02), 180-210. https://doi.org/10.33002/jelp040207

Chicago/Turabian Style

Necaj, Ledi, Goxharaj, Altin, Matkeeva, Aigul, Nikolaev, Evgeni, Hartmane, Ilona. 2024. “Climate Change and Vaccination Strategies: Analyzing Global Immunization Challenges”. Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 04 no. 02: 180-210. https://doi.org/10.33002/jelp040207

AAA Style

Necaj, Ledi, Altin Goxharaj, Aigul Matkeeva, Evgeni Nikolaev and Ilona Hartmane. 2024. “Climate Change and Vaccination Strategies: Analyzing Global Immunization Challenges”. Journal of Environmental Law and Policy, 04 (02): 180-210. https://doi.org/10.33002/jelp040207

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