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Coordinated and published by The Grassroots Institute, the Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources (GJNR) is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancements in natural resources throughout the world. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists, social scientists, policy analysts, managers and practitioners (on all academic and professional levels) all over the world to promote, discuss and share various new issues and developments in different arenas of natural resources.
Gunawan Prayitno*1, Dian Dinanti2, Dimas Wisnu Adrianto3, Rahmawati4, Salsa Alifia Najid5, Mykola Biloshkurskyi6, M. Asfihan Nur Arifin7
1Regional and Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.
Email: gunawan_p@ub.ac.id | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4534-9524
2Regional and Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.
Email: dinanti@ub.ac.id | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8038-7396
3Regional and Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.
Email: d.adrianto@ub.ac.id | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9136-4747
4Regional and Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.
Email: rarahma2560@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3637-3381
5Regional and Urban Planning Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia.
Email: salsaalifianajid@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0145-5253
6Pavlo Tychyna Uman State Pedagogical University, Ukraine. Email: biloshkurskyi.m@udpu.edu.ua
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2826-3983
7Borneo University, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Email: pipinarifin@borneo.ac.id
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9180-771X
*Corresponding author
Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(3): 581-610. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080324
Received: 25 October 2025
Reviewed: 13 December 2025
Revised: 15 December 2025
Finally Accepted: 18 December 2025
Published: 31 December 2025
Rural communities in Indonesia are experiencing rapid socio-economic transitions driven by agricultural modernization, tourism expansion, and shifting livelihood structures. Understanding how internal community assets, particularly human capital and social capital, shape these transitions is essential for advancing sustainable development. This study investigates the roles of human and social capital in enhancing rural sustainability and community well-being, framing the analysis within the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Using a mixed-methods approach that integrates Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM; n = 214) with qualitative field insights, the study compares two contrasting village contexts: an agritourism community (Sidomulyo Village) and an organic-farming community (Lombok Kulon Village). Findings indicate that human and social capital significantly shape rural sustainability through distinct, context-dependent development pathways. In agritourism village settings, social capital (R² = 0.46 (Lombok Kulon) and 0.29 (Sidomulyo))—manifested through trust, shared norms, and cooperative networks—serves as the primary driver supporting SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) by fostering collective governance and diversified local economies. In contrast, the organic-farming community relies more strongly on human capital—agricultural knowledge, skills, and adaptive capacities, which reinforces food security and ecological resilience in alignment with SDG 2 (Zero Hunger) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). The model explains 57% of community-welfare variance in Lombok Kulon and 64% in Sidomulyo. The study contributes theoretically by linking capital formation to rural transformation pathways and provides policy-relevant insights for community empowerment, sustainable rural development.
Social capital; Human capital; Community well-being; Sustainable rural development; SDGs
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Prayitno, G., Dinanti, D., Adrianto, D.W., Rahmawati, Najid, S.A., Biloshkurskyi, M., & Arifin, M.A.N. (2025). Human Capital, Social Capital, and the Sustainability of Rural Communities: An Empirical Examination in Rural Indonesia. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(3), 581-610. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080324
Prayitno G., Dinanti D., Adrianto D.W., Rahmawati, Najid S.A., Biloshkurskyi M., Arifin M.A.N. Human Capital, Social Capital, and the Sustainability of Rural Communities: An Empirical Examination in Rural Indonesia. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 2025, 8 (3), 581-610. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080324
Prayitno, Gunawan, Dinanti, Dian, Adrianto, Dimas Wisnu, Rahmawati, Najid, Salsa Alifia, Biloshkurskyi, Mykola, Arifin, M. Asfihan Nur. 2025. “Human Capital, Social Capital, and the Sustainability of Rural Communities: An Empirical Examination in Rural Indonesia”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 no. 3: 581-610. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080324
Prayitno, Gunawan, Dian Dinanti, Dimas Wisnu Adrianto, Rahmawati, Salsa Alifia Najid and Mykola Biloshkurskyi and M. Asfihan Nur Arifin. 2025. “Human Capital, Social Capital, and the Sustainability of Rural Communities: An Empirical Examination in Rural Indonesia”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 (3): 581-610. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080324
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