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Coordinated and published by The Grassroots Institute, the Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources (GJNR) is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancements in natural resources throughout the world. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists, social scientists, policy analysts, managers and practitioners (on all academic and professional levels) all over the world to promote, discuss and share various new issues and developments in different arenas of natural resources.
Anthon Efani*1, Abu Bakar Sambah2, Mariyana Sari3, Reny Tiarantika4, Nur Aini Wahyuningsih5
1Department of Socio-Economic Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. Email: anthonefani@ub.ac.id | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3663-5643
2Department of Fisheries and Marine Resources Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. Email: absambah@ub.ac.id | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-7280
3Department of Socio-Economic Fisheries and Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. Email: mariyanasari@ub.ac.id | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5039-4541
4Department of Environment Science, Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Email: renytiarantika01@ub.ac.id | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4931-3511
5Program of Environmental Resource Management and Development, Post-Graduated Program, University of Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia. Email: nurainiiiw@gmail.com
*Corresponding author
Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(3): 292-318. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080312
Received: 2 October 2025
Reviewed: 18 November 2025
Provisionally Accepted: 21 November 2025
Revised: 27 November 2025
Finally Accepted: 30 November 2025
Published: 31 December 2025
Despite growing interest in Blue Economy policy, empirical studies that integrate TOE and NRBV perspectives to explain how technological, organizational, regulatory, and natural-resource factors jointly shape supply-chain sustainability and small-scale fishers’ livelihood resilience, particularly in Indonesian coastal communities, remain scarce. This study develops and tests an integrated Technology–Organization–Environment (TOE) and Natural Resource-Based View (NRBV) framework to design an inclusive Blue Economy model in the southern coastal region of Malang, Indonesia. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on survey data from 150 small-scale fishing households across Sendangbiru, Tambakrejo, and Sitiarjo, the research investigates the interplay between technological adoption, organizational capacity, regulatory support, supply chain risk, cost perception, and environmental awareness. Findings indicate that the six factors significantly enhance both Blue Economy investment and livelihood resilience, which in turn drive sustainable supply chain performance. Livelihood resilience exerts the strongest influence, highlighting the critical role of social capital, adaptive capacity, and resource sustainability in shaping inclusive development. The integrated TOE–NRBV model provides a robust analytical and practical framework for strengthening small-scale fisheries within global sustainability transitions.
Blue economy; Supply chain sustainability; Livelihood resilience; Small-scale fisheries; TOE framework; NRBV; Inclusive development
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Efani, A., Sambah, A.B., Sari, M., Tiarantika, R., & Wahyuningsih, N.A. (2025). A TOE–NRBV Integrated Framework for Inclusive Blue Economy Development: Enhancing Supply Chain Sustainability and Small-Scale Fishers’ Livelihood Resilience in Southern Coastal Malang, Indonesia. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(3), 292-318. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080312
Efani A., Sambah A.B., Sari M., Tiarantika R., Wahyuningsih N.A. A TOE–NRBV Integrated Framework for Inclusive Blue Economy Development: Enhancing Supply Chain Sustainability and Small-Scale Fishers’ Livelihood Resilience in Southern Coastal Malang, Indonesia. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 2025, 8 (3), 292-318. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080312
Efani, Anthon, Sambah, Abu Bakar, Sari, Mariyana, Tiarantika, Reny, Wahyuningsih, Nur Aini. 2025. “A TOE–NRBV Integrated Framework for Inclusive Blue Economy Development: Enhancing Supply Chain Sustainability and Small-Scale Fishers’ Livelihood Resilience in Southern Coastal Malang, Indonesia”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 no. 3: 292-318. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080312
Efani, Anthon, Abu Bakar Sambah, Mariyana Sari, Reny Tiarantika and Nur Aini Wahyuningsih. 2025. “A TOE–NRBV Integrated Framework for Inclusive Blue Economy Development: Enhancing Supply Chain Sustainability and Small-Scale Fishers’ Livelihood Resilience in Southern Coastal Malang, Indonesia”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 (3): 292-318. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080312
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