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Coordinated and published by The Grassroots Institute, the Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources (GJNR) is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancements in natural resources throughout the world. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists, social scientists, policy analysts, managers and practitioners (on all academic and professional levels) all over the world to promote, discuss and share various new issues and developments in different arenas of natural resources.
Revolutionizing Carbon Credit and Blockchain Solutions for Sustainability and Climate Stabilization
Kathiravan Sugumaran1, Kiruthika Dhanapal*2, Jeffy Johnson3
1Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Email: kathiravan@tndalu.ac.in ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6462-6285
2Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Pudupakkam, Tamilnadu, India.
Email: kiruthikaadv@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7759-1986
3Bengaluru School of Law and Justice, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Email: jeffyjohson2@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1925-7319
*Corresponding author
Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(2): 567-590. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080227
Received: 08 July 2025
Reviewed: 22 July 2025
Provisionally Accepted: 25 July 2025
Revised: 30 July 2025
Finally Accepted: 02 August 2025
Published: 28 August 2025
Climate change presents challenges that reach beyond mere environmental concerns. It is a key reality and needs to be highly sophisticated monitoring and control for carbon emissions. One of the most tantalizing areas is carbon credit markets that use blockchain technology. The traditional carbon credit accounting has been battling for years with the same setbacks: double counting of credits, tracking them across borders was too inefficient, verification took forever to be completely done and there were many fraudulent activities. These core weaknesses weaken the confidence in carbon markets and block advancements of climate action initiatives. This problem is solved by blockchain-based systems by having preserved immutably public ledgers of every transaction that takes place. This assigns each credit a unique identifier which can then be tracked and verified in real-time from issuance to ultimate retirement. This level of transparency minimizes avenues for manipulation while further cementing market integrity. We take a look at some major studies involving Blockchain that can enhance Carbon Credit works, boost acceptability of climate initiatives. It also digs in on case studies where blockchain has been deployed to track carbon credits, showing what sensical application looks like and the real-world benefits. At the same time, it faces huge challenges like energy consumption from blockchain operations, unclear regulation on carbon pricing to limit its adoption globally and integration with committed organizations using today's carbon accounting frameworks and protocols. The results underscore the critical importance of blockchain in ensuring climate accountability and protecting the integrity of carbon markets. This paper identifies key areas of research and development, offering insights into the future of carbon credit tracking and its potential impact on climate change through advanced technology.
Carbon; Blockchain; Environment; Carbon credit; Climate change; Sustainability
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Sugumaran, K, Dhanapal, K. and Johnson, J. (2025). Revolutionizing Carbon Credit and Blockchain Solutions for Sustainability and Climate Stabilization. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(2): 567-590. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080227
Sugumaran, K, Dhanapal, K., & Johnson, J. (2025). Revolutionizing Carbon Credit and Blockchain Solutions for Sustainability and Climate Stabilization. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(2), 567-590. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080227
Sugumaran K, Dhanapal K., Johnson J. Revolutionizing Carbon Credit and Blockchain Solutions for Sustainability and Climate Stabilization. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 2025, 8 (2),567-590. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080227
Sugumaran, Kathiravan, Dhanapal, Kiruthika, Johnson, Jeffy. 2025. “Revolutionizing Carbon Credit and Blockchain Solutions for Sustainability and Climate Stabilization”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 no. 2: 567-590. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080227
Sugumaran, Kathiravan, Kiruthika Dhanapal and Jeffy Johnson. 2025. “Revolutionizing Carbon Credit and Blockchain Solutions for Sustainability and Climate Stabilization”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 (2): 567-590. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080227
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