Published By:
(ISSN:2581-6853; CODEN: GJNRA9; DOI: 10.33002/nr2581.6853) is an international, scientific double blind peer-reviewed open access journal published 3 times a year online by The Grassroots Institute.
Impact Factor: exaly
Open Access—free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
High Visibility: Indexed in Web of Science (Zoological Record, Biosis Previews, Biological Abstracts, Biosis Full Coverage Unique, and CAB Abstracts), EBSCO and other databases.
Time for Processing: Provisional acceptance of the submitted article is given in 1 week time. After consent of author(s), manuscript is peer-reviewed and a first decision provided to authors in 2-4 weeks after submission.
Recognition of Reviewers: The reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in the journal, in appreciation of the work done. Reviewers also receive Certificate for their voluntary service.
Coordinated and published by The Grassroots Institute, the Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources (GJNR) is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancements in natural resources throughout the world. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists, social scientists, policy analysts, managers and practitioners (on all academic and professional levels) all over the world to promote, discuss and share various new issues and developments in different arenas of natural resources.
Andrii Shynkovych*1, Anatolii Chynchyk2, Zinoviy Berezivskyy3, Yevhen Kryvokhyzha4,
Sergii Kuzmych5
1Department of Public Management and Administration, Faculty of Economics, Management and Psychology, State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Email: a.shynkovych@knute.edu.ua ǀ ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2922-3796
2Department of Construction Economics, Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Email: anatolii.ch2017@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4017-4753
3Department of Economics, Faculty of Management, Economics and Law, Stepan Gzhytskyi National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies of Lviv, Lviv, Ukraine.
Email: masterzenik@ukr.net ǀ ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-1377
4Department of Agrobiotechnology, Educational and Scientific Institute of Innovation, Nature Management and Infrastructure, West Ukrainian National University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
Email: ye.kryvokhyzha@ukr.net ǀ ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7270-6529
5Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, Kyiv, Ukraine.
Email: kuzmich_sergiy@ukr.net ǀ ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8936-0017
*Corresponding author
Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(1): 692-708. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080129
Received: 10 March 2025
Reviewed: 09 April 2025
Provisionally Accepted: 14 April 2025
Revised: 15 April 2025
Finally Accepted: 18 April 2025
Published: 30 April 2025
The problem of food security is the most controversial topic of our time, as ensuring stable access to food remains a critical factor in socio-economic development and geopolitical stability. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of global food security from 2023–2025, focusing on the main factors affecting the level of food security in different regions of the world. Statistical indicators of food insecurity, the level of dependence on imports, the effectiveness of food aid and the financing of measures to ensure food stability are studied. The level of food security is assessed based on calculations of the food security coefficient, the level of food dependence on imports and the effectiveness of food aid, which allows us to determine the degree of vulnerability of individual regions. The results of the study show that Africa remains the most food-vulnerable region with the lowest food security ratio of 0.72 and the highest import dependency of 31.0%. Asia shows relative food stability with the lowest import dependency of 9.5%, while Latin America and North America have sufficient food self-sufficiency. The analysis of food aid effectiveness showed that the largest food deficit remains in Africa, where international food support covers only 40% of the required volume. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of food security financing, which in 2024–2025 demonstrates positive dynamics, in particular, increased investment in humanitarian aid and infrastructure projects. Key challenges to food security are identified, including rising inflation, climate change, geopolitical conflicts, and insufficient strategic reserves. Promising directions for improving food stability are proposed.
Food security; Food dependency; Food imports; International food aid; Global food crisis
Adesete, A.A., Olanubi, O.E. and Dauda, R.O. (2023). Climate change and food security in selected Sub-
Saharan African Countries. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 25(12): 14623–14641. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-022-02681-0.
Akbar, A., Darma, R., Fahmid, I.M. and Irawan, A. (2023). Determinants of Household Food Security
during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(5): 4131. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054131.
Bahiru, A., Senapathy, M. and Bojago, E. (2023). Status of household food security, its determinants, and
coping strategies in the Humbo district, Southern Ethiopia. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 11: 100461. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100461.
Ben Hassen, T. and El Bilali, H. (2022). Impacts of the Russia-Ukraine War on Global Food Security:
Towards More Sustainable and Resilient Food Systems? Foods, 11(15): 2301. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11152301.
Byaruhanga, R. and Isgren, E. (2023). Rethinking the Alternatives: Food Sovereignty as a Prerequisite for
Sustainable Food Security. Food Ethics, 8: 16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41055-023-00126-6.
Castillo Escalante, I.C. and Ramírez García, A.G. (2023). Curricular Innovation for Food Security.
Education Sciences, 13(4): 374. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040374.
Clapp, J., Moseley, W.G., Burlingame, B. and Termine, P. (2022). Viewpoint: The case for a six-
dimensional food security framework. Food Policy, 106: 102164. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102164.
Durán-Sandoval, D., Durán-Romero, G. and Uleri, F. (2023). How Much Food Loss and Waste Do
Countries with Problems with Food Security Generate? Agriculture (Switzerland), 13(5): 966. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13050966.
Egamberdiev, B., Bobojonov, I., Kuhn, L. and Glauben, T. (2023). Household resilience capacity and
food security: evidence from Kyrgyzstan. Food Security, 15(4): 967–988. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-023-01369-1.
FAO (2022). Food Outlook – Biannual Report on Global Food Markets. November 2022. Rome. DOI:
FAO (2023a). Global food security challenges and their drivers: conflicts and wars in Ukraine and other
countries, slowdowns and downturns, and climate change. Council, Hundred and Seventy-second Session, Rome, 24–28 April 2023. CL 172/5. Rome. Available online at:
https://www.fao.org/3/nl652en/nl652en.pdf [Accessed on 26 March 2025].
FAO (2023b). State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2023. FAO Open Knowledge
Repository. Available online at: https://shorturl.at/gRRZ0 [Accessed on 26 March 2025].
Food Security Portal (2024). Food Security Trends in 2024 and Beyond. International Food Policy
Research Institute. Available online at: https://www.foodsecurityportal.org/node/2701 [Accessed on 26 March 2025].
FSIN (Food Security Information Network) & Global Network Against Food Crises) (2023). Global
Report on Food Crises (GRFC) 2023. Rome. Available online at: https://www.fsinplatform.org/global-report-food-crises-2023 [Accessed on 26 March 2025].
Gebre, G.G., Amekawa, Y., Fikadu, A.A. and Rahut, D.B. (2023). Farmers′ use of climate change
adaptation strategies and their impacts on food security in Kenya. Climate Risk Management, 40: 100495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2023.100495.
Hamadjoda Lefe, Y.D., Asare-Nuamah, P., Njong, A.M., Kondowe, J. and Musakaruka, R. R. (2024).
Does climate variability matter in achieving food security in Sub-Saharan Africa? Environmental Challenges, 15: 100870. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2024.100870.
IMF (International Monetary Fund) (2023). World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, April 2023.
Available online at: https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/April/download-entire-database [Accessed on 26 March 2025].
Kazungu, I. and Kumburu, N.P. (2023, February 1). Agripreneurship as a panacea for food security in
Tanzania: A systematic review. Heliyon, 9(2): e13305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13305.
Leal Filho, W., Fedoruk, M., Paulino Pires Eustachio, J.H., Barbir, J., Lisovska, T., Lingos, A. and Baars,
C. (2023). How the War in Ukraine Affects Food Security. Foods, 12(21): 3996. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12213996.
Macalou, M., Keita, S.I., Coulibaly, A.B. and Diamoutene, A.K. (2023). Urbanization and food security:
evidence from Mali. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7: 1168181. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1168181.
Ohlan, R. and Ohlan, A. (2023). Scholarly Research in Food Security: A Bibliometric Analysis of Global
Food Security. Science and Technology Libraries, 42(1): 119–135. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1080/0194262X.2022.2029728.
Olanrewaju, O. and Balana, B.B. (2023). Conflict-Induced Shocks and Household Food Security in
Nigeria. Sustainability, 15(6): 5057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065057.
Osabohien, R., Karakara, A.A.W., Ashraf, J. and Al-Faryan, M.A.S. (2023). Green Environment-Social
Protection Interaction and Food Security in Africa. Environmental Management, 71(4): 835–846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-022-01737-1.
Rabbi, M.F., Ben Hassen, T., El Bilali, H., Raheem, D. and Raposo, A. (2023). Food Security Challenges
in Europe in the Context of the Prolonged Russian–Ukrainian Conflict. Sustainability, 15(6): 4745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064745.
Rono, P.K., Rahman, S.M., Amin, M.D. and Badruddoza, S. (2023). Unraveling the Channels of Food
Security of the Households in Northern Kenya: Evidence from an Exclusive Dataset. Current Developments in Nutrition, 7(2): 100005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2022.100005.
Rusmawati, E., Hartono, D. and Aritenang, A.F. (2023). Food security in Indonesia: the role of social
Saboori, B., Alhattali, N.A. and Gibreel, T. (2023). Agricultural products diversification-food security
nexus in the GCC countries; introducing a new index. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 12: 100592. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100592.
Salima, W., Manja, L.P., Chiwaula, L.S. and Chirwa, G.C. (2023). The impact of credit access on
household food security in Malawi. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research, 11: 100490. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100490.
Shang, Y., Lv, Y., Chen, Z., Bassey, R., Aderemi, T.A. and Enilolobo, O. (2024). Globalization and food
security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 8: 1325172. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1325172.
Sundram, P. (2023). Food security in ASEAN: progress, challenges and future. Frontiers in Sustainable
Food Systems, 7: 1260619. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1260619.
Trollman, H., Jagtap, S. and Trollman, F. (2023). Crowdsourcing food security: introducing food choice
derivatives for sustainability. Food Security, 15(4): 953–965. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-023-01363-7.
Tyczewska, A., Twardowski, T. and Woźniak-Gientka, E. (2023). Agricultural biotechnology for
sustainable food security. Trends in Biotechnology, 41(3): 331–341. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2022.12.013.
USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) () (2024). Food Security in the U.S. – Key Statistics &
Graphics. Economic Research Service. Available online at: https://www.ers.usda.gov/topics/food-nutrition-assistance/food-security-in-the-us/key-statistics-graphics [Accessed on 26 March 2025].
Weldemariam, L.F., Sakdapolrak, P. and Ayanlade, A. (2023). Household food-security strategies and
migration in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Scientific African, 21: e01801. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01801.
World Bank (2025, February 17). Food Security Update | World Bank Solutions to Food Insecurity.
Available online at: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-update [Accessed on 26 March 2025].
Wudil, A.H., Usman, M., Rosak-Szyrocka, J., Pilař, L. and Boye, M. (2022). Reversing Years for Global
Food Security: A Review of the Food Security Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(22): 14836. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214836.
Yadav, V.S., Singh, A.R., Raut, R.D. and Cheikhrouhou, N. (2023). Blockchain drivers to achieve
sustainable food security in the Indian context. Annals of Operations Research, 327(1): 211–249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-021-04308-5.
Yovo, K. and Gnedeka, K.T. (2023). Assess the level and the determinants of household food security in
Togo: The food expenditures approach. Scientific African, 20: e01685. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01685.
Zerbian, T. and de Luis Romero, E. (2023). The role of cities in good governance for food security: lessons
from Madrid’s urban food strategy. Territory, Politics, Governance, 11(4): 794–812. DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1080/21622671.2021.1873174.
Shynkovych, A., Chynchyk, A., Berezivskyy, Z., Kryvokhyzha, Y. and Kuzmych, S. (2025). Assessing Risks in the System of Economic and Food Security in the Current Context: Ukrainian Realities and the Global Environment. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(1): 692-708. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080129
Shynkovych, A., Chynchyk, A., Berezivskyy, Z., Kryvokhyzha, Y., & Kuzmych, S. (2025). Assessing Risks in the System of Economic and Food Security in the Current Context: Ukrainian Realities and the Global Environment. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(1), 692-708. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080129
Shynkovych A., Chynchyk A., Berezivskyy Z., Kryvokhyzha Y., Kuzmych S. Assessing Risks in the System of Economic and Food Security in the Current Context: Ukrainian Realities and the Global Environment. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 2025, 8 (1), 692-708. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080129
Shynkovych, Andrii, Chynchyk, Anatolii, Berezivskyy, Zinoviy, Kryvokhyzha, Yevhen, Kuzmych, Sergii. 2025. “Assessing Risks in the System of Economic and Food Security in the Current Context: Ukrainian Realities and the Global Environment”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 no. 1: 692-708. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080129
Shynkovych, Andrii, Anatolii Chynchyk, Zinoviy Berezivskyy, Yevhen Kryvokhyzha and Sergii Kuzmych. 2025. “Assessing Risks in the System of Economic and Food Security in the Current Context: Ukrainian Realities and the Global Environment”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 (1): 692-708. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080129
| Internet Archive: | https://archive.org/details/m-00516 |
| WorldCat: | https://search.worldcat.org/title/10819783935 |
© 2025 by the author(s). Licensee Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). We allow to freely share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially) with a legal code: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode.
Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources by The Grassroots Institute is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at www.grassrootsjournals.org.
Go to Top
