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Coordinated and published by The Grassroots Institute, the Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources (GJNR) is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancements in natural resources throughout the world. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for scientists, social scientists, policy analysts, managers and practitioners (on all academic and professional levels) all over the world to promote, discuss and share various new issues and developments in different arenas of natural resources.
Energy Efficiency in the Western Balkans: The Case of Kosovo
Burhan Reshat Rexhepi*1, Ilir Musli Murtezaj2, Bardhyl Dauti3, Besa Seadin Xhaferi4
1Faculty of Management, Business and Economics, University for Business and Technology, Pristina, Kosovo.
Email: burhanreshatr@gmail.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0202-034X
2Faculty of Economics, AAB College, Pristina, Kosovo.
Email: lmmurtezaj@outlook.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5172-067X
3Faculty of Economics, University of Tetova, Republic of North Macedonia.
Email: bardhyl.dauti@unite.edu.mk | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8372-9443
4Faculty of Economics, University of Tetova, Republic of North Macedonia.
Email: besexha@outlook.com | ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8744-2562
*Corresponding author
Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(1): 583-605. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080124
Received: 27 February 2025
Reviewed: 26 March 2025
Provisionally Accepted: 29 March 2025
Revised: 11 April 2025
Finally Accepted: 15 April 2025
Published: 28 April 2025
In light of the growing energy demands and the need for sustainable development, this study aims to assess the current state of Kosovo's energy system and evaluate potential pathways for its modernization and integration into the European energy market. The case study analysis was carried out to contextualize the emergence and development of the Western Balkans’ energy system and suggest strategies for its improvement, with a special focus on the Republic of Kosovo. The case study analysis was guided by industry reports and peer-reviewed journal articles published since 2020 and selected based on their relevance and credibility. The contextual assessment revealed that after Yugoslavia’s breakup in the early 1990s, its former members inherited a fragile and outdated system that did not meet quality and safety standards. The cost-benefit analysis, which was carried out as a part of this study, revealed that the potential advantages of modernizing Kosovo’s energy system and integrating it into the pan-European market outweigh existing limitations. The identified benefits included accelerated economic growth, as reflected in the gross domestic product; rapid industrialization and urbanization of the country; participation in the European Union projects aimed at diversifying the energy portfolio, creating new jobs, and shifting toward clean energy sources; and liberalization of the energy sector to improve the quality of services received by different population groups and sectors of the economy. To take advantage of the mentioned benefits, the Republic of Kosovo recommended several short-term, mid-term, and long-term interventions, including efficient use of electricity to reduce demand, diversification from lignite coal, and a shift towards renewable energy sources.
Yugoslavia’s breakup; Electricity tariff system; Lignite coal; Renewable energy sources; Kosovo Energy Corporation
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Rexhepi, B.R., Murtezaj, I.M., Dauti, B. and Xhaferi, B.S. (2025). Energy Efficiency in the Western Balkans: The Case of Kosovo. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(1): 583-605. Doi: https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080124
Rexhepi, B.R., Murtezaj, I.M., Dauti, B., & Xhaferi, B.S. (2025). Energy Efficiency in the Western Balkans: The Case of Kosovo. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8(1), 583-605. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080124
Rexhepi B.R., Murtezaj I.M., Dauti B., Xhaferi B.S. Energy Efficiency in the Western Balkans: The Case of Kosovo. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 2025, 8 (1), 583-605. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080124
Rexhepi, Burhan Reshat, Murtezaj, Ilir Musli, Dauti, Bardhyl, Xhaferi, Besa Seadin. 2025. “Energy Efficiency in the Western Balkans: The Case of Kosovo”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 no. 1: 583-605. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080124
Rexhepi, Burhan Reshat, Ilir Musli Murtezaj, Bardhyl Dauti and Besa Seadin Xhaferi. 2025. “Energy Efficiency in the Western Balkans: The Case of Kosovo”. Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources, 8 (1): 583-605. https://doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.080124
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* Dr. Najibullah Omerkhil (Afghanistan)
* Dr. Rinata Kazak (Sweden)
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